A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE READABILITY OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS FOR FIRST GRADERS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VOCABULARY DISTRIBUTION AND COMPLEXITY

Juliana Tirza, Hananto Hananto

Abstract


Abstract: This study aims to analyse the vocabulary distribution and readability of the ten Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) Bahasa Indonesia for first-grade students. The research objectives are to assess the alignment of the textbooks with the cognitive and linguistic development of early learners, focusing on the total number of tokens (words), types (unique words), Type-Token Ratio (TTR), and word complexity. The problem addressed in this study is the potential misalignment between the complexity of language and the words frequency in BSE textbooks and the reading abilities of first-grade students, which may hinder effective literacy development. The study reveals that the total tokens across the textbooks range from 783 (Book 2) to 1562 (Book 7), while the total types vary from 2856 (Book 2) to 9525 (Book 1). The percentage of complex tokens fluctuates between 0.31 (Book 2) and 0.51 (Book 7), and the percentage of complex types ranges from 0.46 (Book 5) to 0.54 (Book 6). The TTR values demonstrate significant variation, from 3.65 (Book 2) to 7.48 (Book 10), indicating the diversity in vocabulary used. Findings suggest that although some textbooks offer a rich variety of vocabulary, they may contain a high proportion of complex words, potentially making them unsuitable for first graders. For instance, Book 10 exhibits the highest TTR but includes more complex words, which might challenge early learners. In contrast, Book 2, with a lower TTR, contains simpler words, making it more suitable for young learners. The study underscores the importance of minimizing vocabulary complexity to facilitate effective literacy development for early readers such as first grade elementary students. Future research should investigate the use of multimedia-based textbooks and interactive learning methods to enhance the literacy experiences of early learners.


Keywords: Readability test, text complexity, gunning-fox index

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References


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