THE SEMANTICS OF 'RIZZ' AND 'CAP': HOW GEN ALPHA'S SLANG CONTRIBUTES TO LEXICAL INNOVATION AND SEMANTIC AMBIGUITY

Ni Wayan Swarniti, Florensia Asteria Ngozo

Abstract


Abstract: This research explores the semantic dynamics of the slang terms “rizz” and “cap” as used by Generation Alpha in digital discourse. Drawing on authentic language from platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, Twitter, and Youtube, this research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach to examine how these terms reflect lexical innovation and semantic ambiguity. The analysis of rizz and cap in Gen Alpha digital discourse demonstrates that both terms operate as highly productive and contextually fluid slang items, marked by semantic innovation and pragmatic versatility. Rizz primarily denotes romantic or flirtatious charisma, but its semantic range extends to general social impressiveness, ironic critique, verbalized forms, and hyperbolic/metaphorical uses. Conversely, cap retains a core association with falsehood or denial, yet expands into truth-affirming (no cap), authenticity signaling, and playful reinterpretations. Three key findings emerge from this research. First, both terms exhibit polysemy, with meanings that diversify across interactional contexts and media platforms. Second, the data reveal metaphorical and metonymic processes at work: rizz conceptualizes charisma as a resource or power, while cap functions metonymically as a shorthand for dishonesty or its negation. Third, both terms operate as identity markers, reinforcing in-group belonging and sociolectal distinctiveness within Gen Alpha’s digital communities.

Keywords: Slang, Lexical Innovation, Semantic Ambiguity, Digital Discourse

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