BRAVY: Development of an Integrated Multimodal Speaking Anxiety Reduction Kit Using the ADDIE Model

Abstract

Speaking anxiety can restrict spontaneous participation despite adequate linguistic knowledge. This R&D study reports BRAVY, an integrated five-chapter speaking module and Android application developed through four operational ADDIE phases: Analysis, Design, Development, and limited Implementation with no separate summative Evaluation phase was conducted. Forty-five third-semester English Education students from five Social and Academic Speaking classes participated in the needs analysis and two-week try-out, while three specialists validated the product. Instruments included a questionnaire with FLCAS-adapted items, observation, validation sheets, readability indices, usage logs, and user feedback. Learners reported greatest anxiety around political issues (50%), social issues (40%), and formal academic speaking (40%), alongside vocabulary limitations, difficulty organizing ideas spontaneously, and fear of negative evaluation. BRAVY consequently combined language scaffolding, anxiety-management activities, journaling, reflection, and mobile interaction. Readability scores were 73.0 for Flesch Reading Ease and 6.4 for Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Expert validation reached 4.57 (Very Valid), and user perception reached 4.40 or 88.0% (Very Good). The results support broader testing of BRAVY's validity and usability, but do not establish causal anxiety reduction.