Pengaruh Pelatihan Karate Terhadap Difungsi Eksekutif Anak Autisme: Studi Kasus SDLB Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Malang

Annisaa Annisaa, Suni Rohana, Ega Yusti Sianti, Rama Kurniawan

Abstract


Abstract

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as a group of children who experience problems in their growth and development process. Therefore, intervention is needed to minimize the negative impacts that arise. Martial arts are useful for intervening executive dysfunction in children with ASD. This study uses the martial art of karate which aims to reduce executive dysfunction in children with autism. This study used the Single Subject Research (SSR) method with an A-B design which included 2 research stages, namely the baseline stage and the intervention stage. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire adapted from ICD-10 and DSM-IV once a week. The samples used were 4 children with autism at SDLB Lab UM. After training for 6 weeks, the data were analyzed using the SSR method so that the results were presented in graphical form. The results of the study illustrate that the development of executive dysfunction in children with autism has a downward trend. Karate training can be used as a form of therapy for children with autism to reduce executive dysfunction and improve and develop their executive function.

Keywords: karate, executive dysfunction, autism

Abstrak

Anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) sebagai salah satu kelompok anak yang mengalami masalah dalam proses tumbuh kembangnya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meminimalisir dari dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan. Seni beladiri bermanfaat untuk mengintervensi disfungsi eksekutif pada anak dengan GSA. Penelitian ini menggunakan seni beladiri karate yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan disfungsi eksekutif anak autisme. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Single Subject Research (SSR) dengan desain A-B yang meliputi 2 tahap penelitian yakni tahap baseline dan tahap intervensi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuisioner yang diadaptasi dari ICD-10 dan DSM-IV setiap minggu sekali. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 4 anak autisme di SLB Lab UM. Setelah dilakukan pelatihan selama 6 minggu, data dianalisis menggunakan metode SSR sehingga diperoleh hasil yang disajikan dalam bentuk grafik. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa perkembangan disfungsi eksekutif pada anak autisme mengalami kecenderungan menurun dengan rentang 2-5 poin. Pelatihan karate bisa dijadikan sebagai salah satu bentuk terapi bagi anak autisme untuk menurunkan disfungsi eksekutif serta meningkatkan dan mengembangkan fungsi eksekutif mereka.

Kata kunci: karate, disfungsi eksekutif, autisme


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