The Low Literacy of Phase A Students: Causal Factors and Solutions Elementary School Case Study in Malang

Abstract

Literacy is a very important basic skill for primary school students, especially in grade one, as it is the main foundation for their academic and social development. However, low literacy levels are still a significant problem in many schools, including some primary schools in Malang City. This study aims to identify the factors causing students' low literacy skills and examine effective learning methods to overcome them. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted in one of the elementary schools in Malang. Data collection techniques included observation of learning activities, interviews with teachers, and documentation. The results showed that the lack of varied learning methods, limited learning media, lack of attention to students' individual needs, and lack of parental involvement were the main causes of low student literacy. To overcome this, adjustments to teaching modules, the use of interesting and interactive learning media and intensive assistance for students with literacy difficulties are needed. In addition, a conducive learning environment and good communication between teachers and parents are essential to support students' holistic literacy development. Therefore, teachers are required to develop innovative, adaptive and student-centered learning.