Trends in International, National, and Local Curriculum Policies (Approaches, Strategies, Methods, Media, Evaluation, and Distance Learning)

Abstract

The curriculum is a crucial component of the education system that plays a role in improving education quality and preparing students to face global challenges. With technological advancements and social changes, curriculum policies at the international, national, and local levels have undergone significant trends, particularly in the implementation of distance learning. This study aims to examine trends in international, national, and local curriculum policies by focusing on approaches, strategies, methods, media, evaluation, and distance learning through a literature review. The research employs a qualitative, library-based method with a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting data from various scientific articles, books, policy reports, and other relevant documents. The findings indicate that international curriculum policies, such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) and Cambridge International, emphasize 21st-century competency development and flexibility in teaching methods. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s national curriculum policies, such as Kurikulum Merdeka, focus on character development and the integration of local values. At the local level, efforts are made to incorporate local wisdom into education to build a strong student identity. Additionally, distance learning has been widely adapted post-COVID-19 through the use of digital media and innovative evaluation methods. The study concludes that curriculum policy trends are moving towards flexibility, technological integration, and a balance between local identity and global dynamics, necessitating an adaptive and responsive curriculum design to address contemporary challenges.