HUBUNGAN KEBISINGAN DAN MASA KERJA TERHADAP PENYAKIT TINNITUS PEKERJA KILANG PADI BINA BERSAMA KABUPATEN ACEH SELATAN

Abstract

WHO states there are 466 million people in the world who are deaf and estimates that by 2050, around 250 million workers worldwide are exposed to noise and noise induced hearing loss is the most common occupational disease recorded in Europe. While in Indonesia it can be estimated that one million employees are threatened with noise and will continue to increase which can cause every one in ten people in the world to experience deafness. in practice, clinics, and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the variables of noise intensity, age, history of ear disease, working hours and years of work on tinnitus. This type of research is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach using primary data. The population in this study were 34 people with a sample of 30 people. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data analysis using chi square test and fisher exact test. The results of the study revealed that the intensity of noise in the room obtained an SPLt value of 98.5 dB and the intensity of noise outside the room obtained an SPLt value of 88.04 dB. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a relationship between noise levels and tinnitus, with p value equal with 0.001. There is no relationship between age variables, p value is 0.131, history of ear disease and tinnitus is obtained, p value is 0.612, there is a relationship between history of ear disease and tinnitus, p value is 0.05, and there is a relationship between working hours and tinnitus disease, p value is 0.008. As for suggestions from researchers for workers who work in areas that are included in the noisy category to use ear protection equipment (APT) in the form of safety ear plugs or ear muffs and carry out audiometric checks periodically so that hearing loss complaints are not only limited to perceived perceptions, but have been in the form of accurate test results.

WHO menyatakan terdapat 466 juta orang di dunia yang mengalami ketulian dan memperkirakan pada tahun 2050, Sekitar 250 juta pekerja di seluruh dunia terpapar kebisingan dan noise induced hearing loss menjadi penyakit akibat kerja yang paling banyak tercatat di Eropa. Sedangkan di Indonesia dapat diperkirakan satu juta karyawan terancam bising dan akan terus meningkat, hal tersebut dikarenakan Indonesia belum memiliki data statistik yang memadai dan hanya berdasarkan pengalaman empiris, penderita tinitus cukup banyak dan sering ditemukan di tempat praktek, klinik, maupun rumah sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan variabel intensitas kebisingan, umur, riwayat penyakit telinga, jam kerja dan masa kerja terhadap penyakit tinnitus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross- sectional menggunakan data primer. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 34 orang dengan sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi square dan uji fisher exact. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan Intensitas kebisingan di dalam ruangan diperoleh nilai SPLt yaitu 98,5 dB dan intesitas kebisingan di luar ruangan diperoleh nilai SPLt yaitu 88,04 dB. Hasil uji satatistik terdapat hubungan tingkat kebisingan terhadap penyakit tinnitus diperoleh nilai p sama dengan 0,001. Tidak ada hubungan variabel umur diperoleh nilai p value 0,131, riwayat penyakit telinga tehadap penyakit tinnitus diperoleh p value 0,612, ada hubungan antara riwayat penyakit telinga dengan tinnitus diperoleh p value 0,05, dan ada hubungan antara jam kerja terhadap penyakit tinnitus diperoleh p value 0,008. Adapun saran dari peneliti bagi pekerja yang bekerja di area yang termasuk dalam kategori bising agar menggunakan alat pelindung telinga (APT) berupa safety ear plug atau ear muff dan lakukan pemeriksaan audiometri secara periodik sehingga keluhan gangguan pendengaran tidak hanya sebatas persepsi yang dirasakan saja, namun sudah berupa hasil pemeriksaan yang akurat.