Prevalensi dan Fungsi Melukai Diri Sendiri pada Mahasiswa

Farida Hidayati, Mohammad Fanani, Sri Mulyani

Abstract


Dewasa ini kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan mental remaja semakin perlu diperhatikan. Keterlibatan remaja dalam masalah psikologis yang ringan hingga berat, membuat penelitian masalah kesehatan mental remaja menjadi penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prevalensi dan fungsi perilaku melukai diri sendiri pada mahasiswa. Pendekatan cross-sectional digunakan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online dan melibatkan 215 partisipan yang diperoleh melalui purposive sampling. 107 mahasiswa melakukan NSSI, namun terdapat 7 data tidak lengkap sehingga hanya 100 mahasiswa yang dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Peserta direkrut selama bulan Desember 2020 – Januari 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi NSSI mencapai 38% partisipan pernah melukai diri sendiri lima hingga 10 kali, dan 28% melukai diri sendiri 11 sampai 50 kali. Metode NSSI yang dilaporkan antara lain menyayat, menggigit,  mengukir, mencubit, menarik rambut, menggaruk, memukul, mengganggu penyembuhan luka, menusuk, dan menelan zat berbahaya. 71% individu melaporkan melakukan beberapa metode NSSI. Usia rata-rata onset adalah 12-19 tahun. Kebanyakan pelaku self-injury melaporkan bahwa NSSI berfungsi untuk meredakan emosi negatif dan menghukum diri mereka sendiri. Lebih sedikit yang melaporkan bahwa mereka melukai diri sendiri untuk mencari sensasi, mengkomunikasikan tingkat stress, menyatakan batasan interpersonal, kepedulian pada diri, menunjukkan ketangguhan, dan anti bunuh diri. Sebagian besar hasil penelitian konsisten dengan penelitian sebelumnya pada sampel remaja dan dewasa muda. Meskipun keterbatasan penelitian, penelitian ini memberikan informasi yang paling definitif dan rinci sampai saat ini mengenai prevalensi dan karakteristik NSSI pada mahasiswa. Di masa depan, penting untuk melakukan studi mengenai intervensi yang dapat membantu mereka untuk memilih tindakan yang adaptif dan tidak membahayakan diri sendiri.

Kata Kunci : prevalensi, fungsi, melukai diri sendiri


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References


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