False Memory pada Manusia: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

Adinda Melati Insan Permata, Nur Rohmah Hidayatul Qoyyimah

Abstract


Penelitian mengenai otak manusia menunjukkan jika otak manusia tidak sepenuhnya sempurna. False memory sebagai salah satu kesalahan dalam mengingat banyak dikaji dengan menghubungkannya pada memori saksi mata maupun kebohongan publik saat pemilu. Namun, pengkajian false memory pada kehidupan sehari-hari belum banyak dilakukan. Kajian mengenai false memory pada kehidupan sehari-hari perlu dilakukan agar individu lebih sadar dengan kerentanan manusia terhadap false memory yang dapat terjadi karena informasi palsu. Penjelasan mengenai proses terjadinya false emory pada manusia didasarkan pada hasil tinjauan literatur yang relevan. False memory yang merupakan bagian dari developmental reversals pada manusia terjadi karena munculnya rasa familiar dan sugesti yang diberikan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Terjadinya false memory pada manusia berkaitan dengan terdapatnya gangguan pada saat pengodean ingatan, melakukan retrieval, dan mekanisme pemantauan yang melibatkan beberapa bagian dalam medial temporal lobes (MTL) dan korteks prefrontal di otak. False memory yang muncul dari informasi palsu dapat terjadi karena munculnya rasa familiar, sedangkan kejelasan false memory tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh persepsi dan attitudinal congruence. Upaya pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan memastikan kesahihan informasi melalui validity checker dan kemampuan berpikir kritis.

Kata Kunci: memori, false memory, tinjauan literatur


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References


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