Dynamics of Student Attitudes in Pancasila Education Learning in Elementary Schools: An Analysis of Internal and External Factors

Abstract

Pancasila Education instruction in elementary schools plays a crucial role in shaping students' attitudes and character by internalizing Pancasila values in daily life. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of student attitudes during Pancasila Education lessons and identify the internal and external factors influencing them. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving fifth grade students at SDN Sentul 4, Blitar City. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that student attitudes during lessons are diverse and fluctuate according to learning situations and teacher stimuli. Some students demonstrate active, confident, responsible, tolerant, and cooperative attitudes, while others tend to be passive and require teacher guidance to participate. These dynamics are influenced by internal factors, including motivation, learning interest, self confidence, material comprehension, and socio emotional conditions, as well as external factors such as instructional strategies, learning media, classroom environment, peer interactions, school culture, and family support. The teacher's role through role modeling, positive reinforcement, interactive instruction, and gradual guidance is essential in developing positive student attitudes. The findings suggest that attitude formation through Pancasila Education requires contextual and interactive instruction supported by continuous collaboration between school and family.