The Role of the School Environment in Supporting Extrinsic Motivation Among Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students

Abstract

Extrinsic motivation plays a crucial role in fostering student engagement during the learning process, particularly through various stimuli originating from the school environment. This study aims to describe the role of the school environment in supporting the extrinsic motivation of fifth-grade elementary school students. The study employs a qualitative approach using a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, involving fifth-grade students and teachers as sources of information. Data validity was verified through triangulation of sources and techniques. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the school environment plays a role in supporting students’ extrinsic motivation through five main aspects: reinforcement and appreciation provided by teachers; the application of interactive and varied teaching methods; positive interactions with peers; the enforcement of classroom rules and discipline; and a conducive physical school environment. These various external stimuli encourage students to be more active, focused, and engaged in learning activities. However, some students still rely heavily on guidance, assignments, and reinforcement from teachers, so the development of independent learning initiatives has not been uniform. The research findings indicate that a positive and supportive school environment plays a crucial role in fostering students’ extrinsic motivation and can also be directed to facilitate the gradual development of independent learning.