Dua Sisi Cashless : Tinjauan Individu dan Ekonomi Makro

Muhammad Helmi Falah, Ayudia Sokarina

Abstract


Sektor ekonomi digital mengalami peningkatan sebesar 10,58% pada tahun 2020 dibanding tahun 2019 di tengah sektor lainnya mengalami penurunan selama tahun 2020 akibat pandemi covid-19. Pertumbuhan tersebut tidak terlepas oleh meingkatnya pengguna metode pembayaran non tunai (cashless) sebagai bagian dari ekonomi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan scoping review untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi financial literacy, pemerataan distribusi literasi, dan herding behaviour dalam tinjauan individu maupun ekonomi makro. Hasil analisis menyatakan bahwa cashless payment memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan dalam tinjauan individu maupun kelompok. Pengguna metode cashless terbagi menjadi 2 yakni individu yang memiliki kebijaksanaan pengelolaan keuangan dan individu yang memiliki kecenderungan berperilaku herding behaviour yang negatif dan konsumtif. Perilaku herding behaviour yang negatif dan konsumtif dalam tinjauan ekonomi makro jangka pendek memiliki pengaruh peningkatan pendapatan negara dari pajak atas banyaknya jumlah dana berputar. Namun dalam tinjauan ekonomi makro jangka panjang, perilaku herding behaviour yang negatif dan konsumtif ditambah dengan kondisi demografi Indonesia dengan angka angkatan kerja yang banyak akan menyebabkan rendahnya angka investasi sehingga berpotensi menjadi bencana demografi.

The digital economy sector increased by 10.58% in 2020 compared to 2019 while other sectors experienced a decline in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This growth is inseparable from the increasing use of cashless payment methods as part of the digital economy. This study uses a qualitative approach with scoping review to identify correlations of financial literacy, equitable distribution of literacy, and herding behavior in individual and macroeconomic reviews. The results of the analysis state that cashless payments have advantages and disadvantages in individual and group reviews. Users of the cashless method are divided into 2, namely individuals who have financial management policies and individuals who have a tendency to behave in a negative and consumptive herding behavior. Negative and consumptive herding behavior in the short-term macroeconomic review has the effect of increasing state revenue from taxes on the large number of revolving funds. However, in a long-term macroeconomic perspective, negative and consumptive herding behavior coupled with Indonesia's demographic conditions with a large number of labor force will lead to low investment rates so that it has the potential to become a demographic disaster.


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