Green Tourism and Digital Tourism Transformation in Supporting Sustainable Development in Indonesia: A Case Study of Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia

Nimas Candhyta Maharani, Imam Mukhlis

Abstract


This study aims to examine the relationship between economic growth, carbon emissions, and the strategic role of the tourism sector through the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) approach. Besides that this research aims to evaluate the potential of green tourism and digital tourism in supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. The methodology was employed the literature review that examines articles from various leading academic databases, including Scopus. The analysis is carried out by tracing study trends, identifying literature gaps, and mapping conceptual frameworks based on sustainable tourism practices and digital transformation. The results show that in Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia, tourism growth provides a significant contribution to the local economy but risks increasing carbon emissions if not managed with a green approach. Community-based green tourism can reduce environmental impacts while empowering local communities. Meanwhile, digital tourism plays a role in destination management efficiency, environmental education, and reducing transportation emissions. These findings implications for policy formulation and the development of technology- and environment-based tourism.

Keywords: Green Tourism, Digital Tourism, Sustainable Development, Carbon Emissions, Regional Development.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anh, T. T., Anh, T. T. L., & Thanh, N. N. (2023). The Impact of Green Tourism on the Hmong Community in Vietnam. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(4), 2024034. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024034

Ayık, U., & Özer, H. (2025). Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for E7 Countries on the Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth. Environment Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06131-5

Bekun, F. V, Gyamfi, B. A., Bamidele, R. O., & Udemba, E. N. (2022). Tourism-Induced Emission in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Panel Study for Oil-Producing and Non-Oil-Producing Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(27), 41725–41741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18262-z

Bhuiyan, K. H., Jahan, I., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Suyaiya, S., Ткаченко, О., & Ніценко, В. (2022). Smart Tourism Ecosystem: A New Dimension Toward Sustainable Value Co-Creation. Sustainability, 14(22), 15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215043

Chandra. (2022). Analisis Konflik HAM Yang Terjadi di Papua. 1(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.11111/nusantara.xxxxxxx

Duc, T. N., & Thanh, N. N. (2023). The Relationship Between Awareness and Commitment to Participate in the Green Tourism Model of Local Communities: Evidence From the Hmong People Community in Lao Cai Province - Vietnam. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), e02540. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.2540

Durbarry, R. (2004). Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Mauritius. Tourism Economics, 10(4), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000042430962

Elfaki, K. E., & Heriqbaldi, U. (2023). Analyzing the Moderating Role of Industrialization on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Indonesia: What Are the Contributions of Financial Development, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth? Sustainability, 15(5), 4270. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054270

Ercan, F. (2023). Smart Tourism Destination: A Bibliometric Review. European Journal of Tourism Research, 34, 3409. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v34i.2788

Eyisi, A., Lee, D., & Trees, K. (2020a). Facilitating Collaboration and Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of South-Eastern Nigeria. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420966035

Eyisi, A., Lee, D., & Trees, K. (2020b). Facilitating Collaboration and Community Participation in Tourism Development: The Case of South-Eastern Nigeria. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 21(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420966035

Guan, Q., Meng, T., Guan, C., Chen, J., Li, H., & Zhou, X. (2024). Multi-Scale Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Coastal Cities Based on Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Qingdao, China. Land, 13(11), 1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111861

Hendrasmo, I., Wulandari, N., & Intan, L. N. (2022). Strategi Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Menghadapi Green Tourism Di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 (Studi Kasus Kota Prabumulih). Tanah Pilih, 2(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.30631/tpj.v2i2.1234

Hidayat, M. S., Yasin, A., Sulistiowati, R., Regina, D., & Nugrahanti, T. P. (2023). Green Economy Initiatives in Enhancing Social Solidarity in the Tourism Sector in Coastal Areas. International Journal of Science and Society, 5(1), 232–243. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i1.652

Koroy, T. R., Fahrianta, R. Y., Bachtiar, Y., Daud, I., Nastiti, R., Normalina, N., & Irawan, A. (2022). Peningkatan Pasar Pariwisata Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan Paska Pandemi Melalui Program Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Bakti Banua Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(2), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.35130/bbjm.v3i2.371

Kusumastuti, H., Pranita, D., Viendyasari, M., Rasul, M. S., & Sarjana, S. (2023). Leveraging Local Value in Post-Smart Tourism Village to en-Courage Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.1221.v1

Kusumastuti, H., Pranita, D., Viendyasari, M., Rasul, M. S., & Sarjana, S. (2024). Leveraging Local Value in a Post-Smart Tourism Village to Encourage Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability, 16(2), 873. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020873

Li, Y., Yang, X., Ran, Q., Wu, H., Irfan, M., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Energy Structure, Digital Economy, and Carbon Emissions: Evidence From China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(45), 64606–64629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15304-4

Liu, M., Lv, C., & Yu, Y. (2023). Character Analysis of the Cognition, Willingness and Behavior of Tourists on Low-Carbon Tourism—A Case Study of Mount Tai Scenic Spot. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 6(22). https://doi.org/10.25236/ajhss.2023.062213

Majumdar, S., & Paris, C. M. (2022). Environmental Impact of Urbanization, Bank Credits, and Energy Use in the UAE—A Tourism-Induced EKC Model. Sustainability, 14(13), 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137834

Mi, Z., Guan, D., Liu, Z., Liu, J., Viguié, V., Fromer, N. A., & Wang, Y. (2019). Cities: The Core of Climate Change Mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 582–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.034

Montero, A. A., García, A. Z., Gómez-Carmona, D., & Sánchez, J. A. L. (2022). Smart Tourism Destinations Really Make Sustainable Cities: Benidorm as a Case Study. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 9(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-01-2022-0006

Munawar, Y. (2021). Respon Kebijakan Fiskal Terhadap Siklus Bisnis: Studi Kabupaten/Kota Di Indonesia. Bina Ekonomi, 24(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.26593/be.v24i1.4344.1-13

Oktarini, K. W., Nurpratiwi, T., & Tjegame, A. A. R. (2023). Pajak Ekonomi Sirkular Dan Keberlanjutan Lingkungan. Jemasi Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 19(2), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.35449/jemasi.v19i2.672

Prastiyo, S. E., Irham, I., Hardyastuti, S., & Jamhari. (2020). How Agriculture, Manufacture, and Urbanization Induced Carbon Emission? The Case of Indonesia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(33), 42092–42103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10148-w

Rudwiarti, L. A., Pudianti, A., Emanuel, A. W. R., Vitasurya, V. R., & Purwanto, H. (2021). Smart Tourism Village, Opportunity, and Challenge in the Disruptive Era. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 780(1), 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/780/1/012018

Sendjaja, P., Kusniadi, A., & Setiawan, V. (2022). Central Java Regional Geochemistry: Influence of Environmental Geology and Mineral Occurrences. Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1027(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1027/1/012001

Simoni, V., & Voirol, J. (2020). Remittances and Morality: Family Obligations, Development, and the Ethical Demands of Migration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(11), 2516–2536. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2020.1779678

SULISTYANINGRUM, N., KURNIAWATI, B., NUGROHO, G. D., Sunarto, S., Kusumaningrum, L., Sujarta, P., Nisyawati, N., Thenya, T., & SETYAWAN, A. D. (2022). Conservation-Based Ecotourism Development at Pasir Putih Prigi Beach, Trenggalek District, East Java, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.13057/oceanlife/o060104

Susilorini, Rr. M. I. R., Ismail, A., Wastunimpuna, B. Y. A., Wardhani, D. K., Prameswari, L. L. N., Amasto, A. H., & Suryono, A. (2022). Tourism Village Carbon Footprint After COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge to Sustainability. Sustainability, 14(4), 2400. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042400

Susiyanto, S. (2022). Concept Application Analysis Green Tourism in the Development of Borobudur Temple as a Super Priority Destination. Ideas Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Dan Budaya, 8(4), 1371. https://doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i4.1080

Wahyuningtyas, D., Asih, R. A., Maeyangsari, D., Fairuzara, A. R. A. C., Heuvelman, F. Y., & Al-Ghaniy, R. M. (2022). English for Tour Guide Program to Improve English Skills of Tour Guides in Trenggalek’s Tourist Villages. Journal of Community Service and Empowerment, 3(3), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.22219/jcse.v3i3.22542

Xu, L., Mohammad, S. J., Nawaz, N., Samad, S., Ahmad, N., & Comite, U. (2022). The Role of CSR for De-Carbonization of Hospitality Sector Through Employees: A Leadership Perspective. Sustainability, 14(9), 5365. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095365

Yang, G., & Jia, L. (2022). Estimation of Carbon Emissions From Tourism Transport and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors in Dunhuang. Sustainability, 14(21), 14323. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114323


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.