Dampak Artificial Intelligence terhadap Polarisasi Tenaga Kerja dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia

Febri Andra Putra Sulistya, Yuriske Okta Prastika

Abstract


The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed economic structures, particularly in shaping labor market dynamics and income distribution. This study aims to analyze the impact of AI on labor polarization and income inequality, with a focus on developing countries such as Indonesia. The research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method, utilizing secondary data from academic journals, official reports, and relevant prior studies. Data analysis is conducted through a descriptive qualitative technique with a thematic approach to identify patterns linking AI development, job structure changes, and income disparities. The findings reveal that AI contributes to labor polarization by increasing demand for high-skilled workers while displacing middle-skilled jobs due to automation of routine tasks. Meanwhile, low-skilled workers tend to experience limited improvement in productivity and income. Additionally, AI exacerbates income inequality as economic gains are disproportionately concentrated among individuals with advanced digital skills and greater access to technology. These results confirm that AI-driven technological change is skill-biased and reinforces existing socio-economic disparities. In conclusion, although AI enhances efficiency and economic productivity, it also poses challenges in achieving equitable outcomes. Therefore, policy interventions such as improving human capital, reforming education systems, and expanding digital access are necessary to promote inclusive and sustainable economic development.

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