Review Metode Skrining Ketahanan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) terhadap Penyakit Busuk Batang (Bacterial Stalk Rot) Akibat Erwinia sp.)

Najla Aulia Arief, Rara Lungit Wijayanti, Rizky Alivia Chairunnisa, Nisa Aulia Tsabita

Abstract


Penyakit busuk batang (bacterial stalk rot/BSR) akibat bakteri Erwinia sp. merupakan salah satu tantangan besar yang dihadapi oleh petani jagung di Indonesia karena dapat menurunkan yield panen hingga 98%. Metode pengendalian yang tersedia saat ini baik berupa kultur teknis, kimiawi, maupun biologis dinilai masih kurang optimal, sehingga penelitian mengenai varietas benih jagung hibrida tahan terhadap BSR terus dikembangkan sebagai upaya pengendalian yang lebih optimal, ramah lingkungan, dan ekonomis. Salah satu proses penting dalam pengembangan benih jagung tahan BSR yaitu skrining ketahanan penyakit pada tanaman jagung secara in vivo yang secara umum dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu metode hotspot dan metode inokulasi buatan. Pada artikel review ini akan ditinjau metode skrining hotspot dan metode inokulasi buatan untuk menemukan metode yang paling efektif sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai standar skrining. Adapun metode penyusunan review ini meliputi pencarian artikel terkait melalui aplikasi Publish or Perish (PoP) dengan kata kunci bacterial stalk rot of maize, screening of bacterial stalk rot in maize, Erwinia chrysanthemi, dan Erwinia carotovora. Data yang dihimpun meliputi metode skrining yang digunakan beserta percent disease incidence (PDI), waktu inkubasi, dan kondisi lingkungan dari proses skrining menggunakan metode tersebut. Disimpulkan bahwa metode inokulasi buatan dengan cara injeksi suspensi Erwinia sp. pada batang ruas bawah tanaman jagung usia 30 hari setelah tanam merupakan yang paling efektif baik pada percobaan di greenhouse maupun di lahan dengan PDI mencapai 80-100% dan waktu inkubasi selama 3-7 hari. Skrining dilakukan pada lingkungan bertemperatur 30-35oC dan memiliki kelembapan relatif 70-100% dengan kondisi tanah yang selalu basah.

Kata kunci: penyakit busuk batang, jagung, skrining ketahanan, Erwinia sp.


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References


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