Development of Mutagenesis Method Using Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) as an Initial Stage of Breeding Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.).

Listya Utami Karmawan, Yanti Yanti, Bryan Khouw

Abstract


Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is an herbal plant of the Zingiberaceae family that is commonly found and has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. Red ginger can be propagated vegetatively through the rhizome. This method of propagation can be said to be less effective. Efforts that can be made through the induction of mutagenesis with ex vitro and in vitro approach. Plants produced through the induction of mutagenesis have a high success rate of propagation with high quality plant yields, are more resistant to disease, have high similarity to the parent, the process is relatively fast, and has high potential for plant propagation. This study aims to examine the effect of EMS on the morphology and genetic material of red ginger as a potential mutagen for ginger breeding alternative. This study showed that the best surface sterilizing agent with the lowest level of contamination was 0.2% HgCl2 with a contamination level of 0–33%. The in vitro effect of EMS immersion time on explant lethality and callus growth revealed that the longer the EMS immersion, the higher the explant lethality rate. Then, 45 minutes of EMS immersion was the best immersion time to support the growth of explant callus, despite the callus' poor quality. In ex vitro results, the effect of EMS immersion time on changes in plant morphological characteristics showed that the longer the EMS immersion, the lower the plant shoot height and the higher the mutation changes in the leaves compared to control plants. The molecular test results showed that the OPA-2 primer was the optimum primer to use because it produced the most bands of 4 compared to other primers. The results of the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) test and cluster analysis showed that the best results were shown by 12 hours of EMS-treated red ginger with a polymorphism level of 62.5%. Then the results of cluster analysis showed that ginger with 8 hours and 10 hours of EMS immersion red ginger had a close relationship, but the two immersions had a distant relationship with 12 hours EMS treated red ginger. The results of research studies show that EMS could induce mutations that results in the formation of a new mutant red ginger with a possible new characteristic. The EMS mutagen showed the potential to be used in ginger breeding for further research.n.

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