Memahami Lonjakan Kasus Covid-19 Melalui Analisis Mutasi Gen Spike

Irwansyah Nur Oktafian, Dwi Listyorini

Abstract


SARS-CoV-2 adalah virus RNA dengan laju mutasi dan kemampuan adaptif tinggi yang menyebabkan pandemi di seluruh dunia. Virus ini menginfeksi inangnya dengan melakukan interaksi antara protein Spike (S) dengan reseptor Angeotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) yang dimiliki sel manusia. Domain Spike memiliki laju mutasi lebih tinggi daripada domain lainnya yang menyebabkan peningkatan tingkat infeksi, transmisi dan adaptasi dari virus, sehingga virus dapat menyebar lebih luas dan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami lonjakan kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia pada gelombang ke-2 dengan menganalisa mutasi yang terjadi pada gen Spike. Penelitian dilakukan secara in silico dengan berbasis pada Bigdata. Sampel didownload dari website NCBI dan GISAID EpiCoVTM dengan kurun waktu Maret 2021-Agustus 2021. Multiple alignment dengan menggunakan Clustal W di aplikasi BioEdit dilakukan untuk mengisolasi protein Spike. Analisis varian dilakukan dengan identifikasi mutasi menggunakan MEGA11 dan Excel 2016. Identifikasi varian dominan dilakukan untuk dilakukan analisis struktur protein dan molecular docking dengan menggunakan website Swiss-Model dan HDock. Sebanyak 317 situs mutasi dan 540 varian ditemukan di Indonesia pada kurun waktu tersebut. Lima varian yaitu B.1.466.2.B, δ1L.xD, δ1L.x, δ2.xD, dan δ2.x diketahui mendominasi di dalam sampel. Interaksi RBD varian B.1.466.2.B dengan ACE2 menunjukkan ikatan yang lebih kuat dari keempat varian dominan lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa lonjakan kasus pada gelombang ke-2 disebabkan oleh empat varian turunan dari varian Delta dan satu varian non-Delta. Varian- varian yang ditemukan di Indonesia merupakan turunan dari varian luar negeri, dan diduga virus ini akan terus bermutasi selama masih beredar di Indonesia.


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